Blog #4: Improving Disability Coverage in Media

 Improving Disability Coverage in Media

Current State of Disabilities in Media

Throughout the history of American media, the portrayal of people with disabilities has often fallen into the three categories of villains, supercrips, or helpless. The issue that came alongside this is the damaging effects it has on society's views of disabled people, whether they are physically or mentally impaired per ADA definition. This has resulted in a form of marginalization, where disabled people in media such as shows or movies are rarely ever portrayed as people with realistic multi-dimensional defining identities. Although improvements have been made, thanks to organizations like GLAAD, there is still work to be done from a broader effort before we see more noticeable changes. 

Increasing and Improving Media Coverage

Image by Hirohiko Araki, cnn.com

Media coverage of the Paralympics and other disabled sports is often not nearly as covered as other sports and the Olympics.  I learned that this limited coverage of the Paralympics in U.S. mainstream media has been non-existent until 2021. During that year, NBC covered the Paralympians who competed in the Tokyo 2020 Paralympics. 

In this article, Joe Reedy shares, "NBC’s Olympics coverage has long been built on a foundation of human-interest stories and showcasing athletes’ road to the Games. The same philosophies will apply to the coverage of Paralympics, which will air on the network for the first time." However, despite the year's delay to ensure quality, authenticity, and proper representation, NBC's coverage of the 2020 Paralympians was still limited.

With the ever-expanding scope of media, reaching broad mainstream audiences has become easier due to how interconnected we are through social media platforms. Rather than focusing solely on increasing Paralympic coverage in the U.S. television media, streamlining coverage for social media could be the next step forward. 

Referring to the Tokyo 2020 Paralympics, coverage on social media has been compared to reaching equivalent statistics as other non-Paralympic sports. Social media platforms like TikTok are accessible to a broader range of users, increasing Paralympic viewing metrics and awareness. Social media also provides the freedom to share a higher volume of proper representation of the Paralympians, potentially helping the U.S. shift away from common stereotypes. 

Addressing the Stereotypes 

Aside from limited coverage, the content usually features Parathletes in problematic categories to fit into predetermined stereotypes. We often see the common portrayal of Parathletes overcoming their disabilities, referred to as the "supercrip stereotype." Further explained in this article written by Erin Pearson, and Laura Misener, "Paralympians were heralded as “superheroes” because they were able to “overcome” their disabilities to participate in the Paralympic Games. The media often used the word “participate” and not “compete” when describing Paralympians." The other two stereotypes in media people with disabilities are often categorized into are "villains" and " being helpless." 

To move past these stereotypical placements in all forms of media, we can refer to the Ford Foundation paper, Road Map for Inclusion for guidance. Within this paper, they provide a "what-if" assessment, showing what people with disabilities could do in all facets of media in the ideal world of inclusion. For example, "Disabled people comprise around 25 percent of the characters in media, representative of the one in four Americans who have a disability. Their roles take all forms, from a romantic lead to a dodgy drug dealer to a barista." 

This is only one of the many ways we could normalize the representation of actors with disabilities in media. Their talents in acting would be placed first and foremost. Similar to how Paralympians should be celebrated for their perfected athletic abilities rather than "overcoming" their disabilities. The artwork created by Hirohiko Araki provides a perfect representation of this idea. This work emphasizes the Paralympian's incredible physique achieved through devoted training rather than focusing on their disabilities alone.

Blog #3: Do the Paralympics Better Represent the Olympic Maxim?

Do the Paralympics Better Represent the Olympic Maxim?

The Olympic Maxim Ideals:

Solidifying an understanding of the Olympic values and their meanings would assist in determining whether the Paralympics demonstrate a better representation of the overall ideals. The International Olympic Committee expresses, “the most important thing in the Olympic Games is not winning, but taking part; the essential thing in life is not conquering, but fighting well.” During the Tokyo 2020 Olympics, the campaign #StrongerTogether showcased themes of these ideals such as strength and unity during COVID-19. 

Due to the rich history of the Olympics and Paralympics, each has continued to demonstrate their core values of these ideals in their own ways. However, the Paralympics have shown year after year that they remain faithful and consistent in supporting the Olympic maxim because of their founding values.

 Blog #2: Paralympic Reflection

Prior Knowledge:

Image by Raymond Kleboe, via Getty Images

Before I learned the deeper history of disabled sports and its impacts on sports today, I never questioned what the word “para” in Paralympic truly meant. I always assumed it correlated with the word “paraplegic” when considering the history of the Paralympics. 

Historical Significance:

After the effects of WWII, many servicemen and women were left paralyzed from spinal injuries, leaving them mostly stuck in the confinements of their beds. During this time, mobility options and accommodations were limited for individuals who could not walk. As a result, engaging in physical activities of any capacity, wasn't usually an option. 

Limited exercise and movement often lead to shortened life spans because of increased chances of infection or other life-threatening health issues. German neurologist, Dr. Guttmann, revolutionized the idea of helping these servicemen get active again, bringing back an aspect of their lives they assumed was lost. 

This left positive impacts on their physical and mental health, forever changing the scope of human capabilities of rehabilitation. Guttmann created innovative ways of incorporating wheelchairs and other mobility devices into sports, making way for the beginnings of the Paralympics. Wheelchair archery, as shown in the image, was one of the earliest concepts used in competitions, demonstrating the broad potential of sports adaptations. 

Discovering the Meaning:

After listening to Dr. Anjali Forber-Pratt discuss the Paralympic Movement, I learned that it originates from the Greek word, “para,” meaning “alongside” or “parallel.” Dr. Forber-Pratt shares many captivating viewpoints on the significance of the Paralympics as well as her upbringing in becoming a wheelchair racer Paralympian. Considering the meaning of "para" in Paralympics, the reasoning behind this naming convention becomes clear. 

During the first Stoke Mandeville Games, Dr. Guttmann "deliberately planned for the Games to be held at the same time in parallel to the 1948 London Summer Olympic Games" (Darcy et al., 2016). Guttmann's strategic planning effectively resulted in the rise of popularity and recognition of the Paralympic movement. Several years later, during the Tokyo 1964 Olympics, "Paralympics" became the official name for the formal Stoke Mandeville Games.

Final Thoughts:

This history represents a beautiful aspect of humanity as we strive for more inclusivity from nation to nation. During the Paralympic games, we see firsthand how sports connect us, bringing forth examples of our resilience and where determination can lead. Reflecting on how rapidly the Paralympics grew to where it stands today, I predict that inclusion will continue to reach great heights in the near future.